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1
H
Hydrogen
1.008
  • 1
2
He
Helium
4.0026
  • 2
3
Li
Lithium
6.94
  • 3
4
Be
Beryllium
9.0122
  • 2
  • 2
5
B
Boron
10.81
  • 2
  • 3
6
C
Carbon
12.011
  • 2
  • 4
7
N
Nitrogen
14.007
  • 2
  • 5
8
O
Oxygen
15.999
  • 2
  • 6
9
F
Flourine
18.998
  • 2
  • 7
10
Ne
Neon
20.18
  • 2
  • 8
11
Na
Sodium
22.99
  • 2
  • 8
  • 1
12
Mg
Magnesium
24.305
  • 2
  • 8
  • 2
13
Al
Aluminium
26.982
  • 2
  • 8
  • 3
14
Si
Silicon
28.085
  • 2
  • 8
  • 4
15
P
Phosphorus
30.974
  • 2
  • 8
  • 5
16
S
Sulfur
32.06
  • 2
  • 8
  • 6
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.45
  • 2
  • 8
  • 7
18
Ar
Argon
39.948
  • 2
  • 8
  • 8
19
K
Potassium
39.098
  • 2
  • 8
  • 8
  • 1
20
Ca
Calcium
40.078
  • 2
  • 8
  • 8
  • 2
21
Sc
Scandium
44.956
  • 2
  • 8
  • 9
  • 2
22
Ti
Titanium
47.867
  • 2
  • 8
  • 10
  • 2
23
V
Vanadium
50.942
  • 2
  • 8
  • 11
  • 2
24
Cr
Chromium
51.996
  • 2
  • 8
  • 13
  • 1
25
Mn
Manganese
54.938
  • 2
  • 8
  • 13
  • 2
26
Fe
Iron
55.845
  • 2
  • 8
  • 14
  • 2
27
Co
Cobalt
58.933
  • 2
  • 8
  • 15
  • 2
28
Ni
Nickel
58.693
  • 2
  • 8
  • 16
  • 2
29
Cu
Copper
63.546
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 1
30
Zn
Zinc
65.38
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 2
31
Ga
Gallium
69.723
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 3
32
Ge
Germanium
72.63
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 4
33
As
Arsenic
74.922
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 5
34
Se
Selenium
78.971
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 6
35
Br
Bromine
79.904
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 7
36
Kr
Krypton
83.798
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 8
37
Rb
Rubidium
85.468
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 8
  • 1
38
Sr
Strontium
87.62
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 8
  • 2
39
Y
Yttrium
88.906
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 9
  • 2
40
Zr
Zirconium
91.224
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 10
  • 2
41
Nb
Niobium
92.906
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 12
  • 1
42
Mo
Molybdenum
95.95
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 13
  • 1
43
Tc
Technetium
(98)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 13
  • 2
44
Ru
Ruthenium
101.07
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 15
  • 1
45
Rh
Rhodium
102.91
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 16
  • 1
46
Pd
Palladium
106.42
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
47
Ag
Silver
107.87
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 1
48
Cd
Cadmium
112.41
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 2
49
In
Indium
114.82
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 3
50
Sn
Tin
204.38
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 4
51
Sb
Antimony
121.76
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 5
52
Te
Tellurium
127.6
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 6
53
I
Iodine
126.9
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 7
54
Xe
Xenon
131.29
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 8
55
Cs
Caesium
132.91
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 8
  • 1
56
Ba
Barium
137.33
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 8
  • 2
57
La
Lanthanum
138.91
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 18
  • 9
  • 2
58
Ce
Cerium
140.12
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 19
  • 9
  • 2
59
Pr
Praseodymium
140.91
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 21
  • 8
  • 2
60
Nd
Neodymium
144.24
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 22
  • 8
  • 2
61
Pm
Promethium
144.24
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 23
  • 8
  • 2
62
Sm
Samarium
150.36
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 24
  • 8
  • 2
63
Eu
Europium
151.96
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 25
  • 8
  • 2
64
Gd
Gadolinium
157.25
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 25
  • 9
  • 2
65
Tb
Terbium
158.93
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 27
  • 8
  • 2
66
Dy
Dysprosium
162.5
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 28
  • 8
  • 2
67
Ho
Holmium
164.93
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 29
  • 8
  • 2
68
Er
Erbium
167.26
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 30
  • 8
  • 2
69
Tm
Thulium
168.93
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 31
  • 8
  • 2
70
Yb
Ytterbium
173.05
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 8
  • 2
71
Lu
Lutetium
174.97
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 9
  • 2
72
Hf
Hafnium
178.49
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 10
  • 2
73
Ta
Tantalum
180.95
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 11
  • 2
74
W
Tungsten
183.84
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 12
  • 2
75
Re
Rhenium
186.21
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 13
  • 2
76
Os
Osmium
190.23
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 14
  • 2
77
Ir
Iridium
192.22
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 15
  • 2
78
Pt
Platinum
195.08
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 17
  • 1
79
Au
Gold
196.97
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 1
80
Hg
Mercury
200.59
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 2
81
Tl
Thallium
204.38
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 3
82
Pb
Lead
207.2
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 4
83
Bi
Bismuth
208.98
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 5
84
Po
Polonium
(209)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 6
85
At
Astatine
(210)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 7
86
Rn
Radon
(222)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 8
87
Fr
Francium
(223)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 8
  • 1
88
Ra
Radium
(226)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 8
  • 2
89
Ac
Actinium
(227)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 9
  • 2
90
Th
Thorium
232.04
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 18
  • 10
  • 2
91
Pa
Protactinium
231.04
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 20
  • 9
  • 2
92
U
Uranium
238.03
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 21
  • 9
  • 2
93
Np
Neptunium
(237)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 22
  • 9
  • 2
94
Pu
Plutonium
(244)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 24
  • 8
  • 2
95
Am
Americium
(243)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 25
  • 8
  • 2
96
Cm
Curium
(247)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 25
  • 9
  • 2
97
Bk
Berkelium
(247)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 27
  • 8
  • 2
98
Cf
Californium
(251)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 28
  • 8
  • 2
99
Es
Einsteinium
(252)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 29
  • 8
  • 2
100
Fm
Fermium
(257)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 30
  • 8
  • 2
101
Md
Mendelevium
(258)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 31
  • 8
  • 2
102
No
Nobelium
(259)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 8
  • 2
103
Lr
Lawrencium
(266)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 8
  • 3
104
Rf
Rutherfordium
(267)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 10
  • 2
105
Db
Dubnium
(268)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 11
  • 2
106
Sg
Seaborgium
(269)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 12
  • 2
107
Bh
Bohrium
(270)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 13
  • 2
108
Hs
Hassium
(277)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 14
  • 2
109
Mt
Meitnerium
(278)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 15
  • 2
110
Ds
Darmstadtium
(281)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 17
  • 1
111
Rg
Roentgenium
(282)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 17
  • 2
112
Cn
Copernicium
(282)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 2
113
Nh
Nihonium
(286)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 3
114
Fl
Flerovium
(289)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 4
115
Mc
Moscovium
(290)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 5
116
Lv
Livermorium
(293)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 6
117
Ts
Tennessine
(294)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 7
118
Og
Oganesson
(294)
  • 2
  • 8
  • 18
  • 32
  • 32
  • 18
  • 8
57-71
89-103

Brief History about the periodic table of the chemical elements

The chemical elements are arranged in a periodic table according to their atomic weights, electron configurations, and chemical characteristics. Since it was initially conceived, the periodic table has undergone many changes and improvements.

Early 19th-century Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev grouped the known elements in a table according to their atomic weights and chemical characteristics, which is when the periodic table idea first emerged. In addition, Mendeleev's table featured spaces for elements that weren't yet known, and he could forecast the properties of these undiscovered elements based on where they were located in the table.

Following Mendeleev, several researchers created their own periodic tables, notably Julius Lothar Meyer and William Odling. The links between the elements were made more explicit and more precise in 1913 when Henry Moseley created a periodic table based on the atomic number of the elements rather than their atomic weights.

The periodic table has undergone many alterations and refinements since the early twentieth century as new elements have been discovered and new techniques for researching the elements have been developed. The present periodic table contains 118 elements grouped into 18 groups and 7 periods.

Since 2021, several new elements have been discovered or synthesized, and these elements have been added to the periodic table.

Element 117, now known as tennessine, was introduced to the periodic table in 2012 after being synthesised by a team of researchers from the United States and Russia.

Element 118, now known as oganesson, was also added to the periodic table in 2016 after being synthesised by a collaboration of Russian and American scientists.

One little-known fact about the periodic table is that the original periodic table was published in 1869 by Dmitri Mendeleev, before many of the elements it contained had even been discovered.

Mendeleev left gaps in his table for elements he believed will be discovered in the future, and many of his forecasts proved correct when the elements were discovered.

Another interesting fact about the periodic table is that when it was first proposed, it was not instantly embraced by the scientific community. On the contrary, many scientists met Mendeleev's periodic table with skepticism, and it took several years for it to acquire universal recognition. Finally, since its inception, the periodic table has experienced numerous revisions and adjustments. As our grasp of the underlying science has increased, new elements have been found, and the ways in which the elements are ordered and classed have changed.

The most recently found element was oganesson (element 118), which was synthesised in 2002 by a collaboration of Russian and American scientists. Oganesson is a highly radioactive synthetic element that belongs to the periodic table's noble gas category. It is one of the heaviest elements known, and it is so unstable that it decays nearly instantly into other elements.

In 2016, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) formally acknowledged oganesson as a new element, and it was added to the periodic chart. It is the most recently discovered element, however, research into the possibility of synthesising much heavier elements is ongoing.

However, these efforts are still in the early stages, and it is not yet known if it will be possible to create elements heavier than oganesson.

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